Columbus was born as Ohio's capital. When the State was only a few years old, it sought a centrally located site for its statehouse. The seat of government had wandered from Chillicothe to Zanesville and back again, but neither town was considered ideal. Among leading bidders was Franklinton, now a part of Columbus' West Side, then a frontier village established in 1797 by Lucas Sullivant, a surveyor from Virginia. In 15 years Franklinton had become an important trading center, rough and ungainly, but determined, ambitious, and eager to be the capital. A group of promoters, Lyne Starling, John Kerr, Alexander McLaughlin, and James Johnson, proposed that the site be the “high bank east of the Scioto River directly opposite the town of Franklinton.” They agreed to lay out a town and to convey to the State two tracts of 10 acres each for a capitol and a penitentiary. The two buildings were to be erected by the promoters at a cost not exceeding $50,000. After much wrangling this plan was accepted by the legislature on February 14,1812.

The syndicate immediately started operations in a 1,200-acre tract of wilderness, swamps, and bogs, title to which the four men held jointly. The original platting provided for what are now Broad and High Streets and for several intersecting lanes. The name Columbus was adopted by the legislature on February 22 at the suggestion of Joseph Foos. Four months later, as Congress declared war on Great Britain, the first public sale of lots was held, prices ranging from $200 to $1,000 each.

At the end of 1812 the population of the village was 300. In three years it increased to 700. The syndicate erected a modest two-story brick capitol in the southwest corner of the 10-acre square, and a penitentiary several hundred yards to the southwest. The work had been delayed by the War of 1812, but both buildings were ready for occupancy within four years. In December 1816, legislators rode in to hold their first session in the new building. One of their acts at this session was to make Columbus a full-fledged borough. The first municipal election, held in the Columbus Inn, made Jarvis Pike mayor and president of the council.

As Columbus steadily grew, it absorbed Franklinton, from which the county seat was moved to the east side of the river in 1824. Small manufacturing concerns were started, schools were established, a market house was built, and Columbus forged ahead of the older towns of central Ohio despite serious handicaps. Chief of these was a series of fever and cholera epidemics that threatened to depopulate the village. When the large swamps, fed by springs only a few blocks from the center of the village, were finally drained, the epidemic subsided and the capital resumed normal growth.

What Columbus lacked most was easy transportation, and this need was soon met by canal and turnpike. The Ohio and Erie Canal passed a few miles east of Columbus, but was connected with it by a feeder canal opened with much fanfare on September 23, 1831, when the Governor Brown made the trip up from Circleville. Three days later Columbus welcomed, with parades, speeches, and banquets, the Cincinnati and the Red Rover, first boats to make the entire trip through the canal from Lake Erie to the capital. The canal was hailed as a great boon to commerce. It provided a much-needed and cheap outlet for agricultural products and opened the way for the importing of manufactured goods from the East.

The National Road reached Columbus two years later (1833). For a decade William Neil had been operating a famous stagecoach system radiating from Columbus, carrying travelers as far as Washington,D:C, on the east and St. Louis on the west. Now speedier express coaches thundered into Columbus from the East, the volume of traffic increased greatly, and local inns became the most popular centers of business and social life. The glamor of the canal and overland traffic continued barely a score of years before giving way to the steam roads. On February 22, 1850, a steam engine, pulling few flat cars, chugged out of Columbus on the Columbus and Xenia Railroad and made its maiden trip of 54 miles to Xenia in three hours and five minutes. The railroad officials who rode on the flat cars were enthusiastic over this record speed and the possibilities for the future.

By 1860 the population of Columbus was nearly 20,000. With the outbreak of the Civil War, the capital became an important military center. Several large camps were established in and near the town. Camp Chase, the most important, occupying a tract of 160 acres that is now a residential section on the extreme West Side, was the largest Confederate prison camp in the North. Of the many prisoners who died there, 2,260 are buried in a cemetery maintained by the Federal Government at the edge of the former camp site. Fort Hayes had its beginning as an arsenal during the Civil War. By the end of the war Columbus was firmly established as the State's principal mobilization point for military forces, a distinction it has since maintained.

Postwar prosperity brought a general expansion of business and industrial activity in the capital. Six new banking houses were organized, the city's first building and loan company began to function, and Columbus capital built two railroads, the Hocking Valley and the Columbus and Toledo. By 1872, five railroads, almost entirely financed with Columbus money, were doing a thriving business. This period also brought many civic improvements, including extension of streetcar service, paving of High Street, and construction of the city's first waterworks system. The legislature reflected the growing interest of the State in education by establishing the Ohio State University in 1873.

During the horse-and-buggy era the city boasted 18 factories that had a combined annual output of 20,000 carriages and wagons. By 1900, the availability of electricity and natural gas and a great web of electric inter-urban lines radiating from the capital made Columbus the leading industrial and commercial city of central Ohio. The city then began an intensive development of its civic resources, including the launching of a vast program to harness the Scioto River and to beautify its banks. But hardly was the program under way when the river went on its rampage in 1913, flooded the valley, took more than 100 lives, made 20,000 homeless, and caused property damage of nearly $9,000,000 in the Columbus area. When the flood subsided the river channel was widened, levees, retaining walls, and bridges were built, and the way was paved for the development of the civic center on the river front.

The worst of Columbus's sporadic labor disputes was the streetcar strike in 1910, which saw rioting, dynamiting of cars, one death, and numerous injuries. Columbus walked while the strike continued throughout the summer, and many attempts at arbitration failed. Troops were called out, and the National Guard patrolled the streets for weeks. The end of the strike in October brought few concessions from the railway company.

When the World War broke out, troops crowded into the city, and Fort Hayes was expanded to care for 8,O00 men. More than 16,000 men and women from Columbus and Franklin County went into service, and many of the city's plants were converted to the manufacture of war materials.

Civic improvement was resumed after the war. Port Columbus, the municipal airport, was laid out and transcontinental air service was inaugurated with Columbus as an important terminal; the principal units of the civic center were built or started; and Ohio Stadium, one of the largest in the country, was finished. In addition to the 300 or more gatherings that bring more than 300,000 visitors annually to Columbus, the city entertains enough football fans to swell the total close to a million.

In common with other communities, the city in the 1930's has had to struggle with unemployment and with relief and labor problems. But it was among the first to take advantage of Federal aid for public works and, as a result, Columbus has been engaged in a broad program of building, including expansion of its municipally owned utilities.

The city has maintained leadership in a variety of industries. One establishment is the country's largest manufacturer of mining machinery and another is reputed to be the world's largest manufacturer of oilcloth and other coated fabric. Other concerns produce concrete-mixing machinery, artificial teeth, and uniforms and regalia. Local shoe factories produce 40,000 pairs daily, and Columbus-built fire engines and fire-fighting equipment are used in many parts of the world. The city also has steadily maintained its importance through the postwar period as the hub of a rich agricultural region. This position is enhanced by the presence of the Ohio State University with its College of Agriculture, and by the-Ohio State Fair, to which some 400,000 people come each year. Much farm produce is shipped from Columbus, and meat packing, drawing heavily from near-by stock farms, remains one of the city's leading industries.

Points of Interest

1. The Ohio State Capitol, one of the country's outstanding examples of the Greek Revival style, stands in a 10-acre park bounded by High, Broad, State, and Third Streets, in downtown Columbus. The simplicity of the huge Doric structure gives it a modern appearance that belies the fact that its plans were drawn a century ago. A comparison of the statehouse and the ornate Franklin County Courthouse, a few blocks down High Street, reveals sharply the degeneracy that overtook American architecture following the decline of the Greek Revival.

The beauty of the massive limestone structure depends principally upon simplicity and strength, emphasized by a row of Doric columns at each of its four entrances. The dome is the result of a compromise. The original design called for a dome surrounded by a colonnade that would harmonize with the general architecture, but the plan never was carried out because of bickering by legislators over cost and details of construction.

The cornerstone was laid in 1839, and although the building was occupied by some State departments in 1857, it was not completed until 1861. When Henry Walter, of Cincinnati, was appointed supervising architect in 1839, numerous plans for the building were considered and the one finally adopted was a composite. Both convict and private labor were used, and limestone was hauled from quarries northwest of Columbus on a railroad especially constructed for that purpose. Delays in securing State appropriations, a severe cholera epidemic, and labor difficulties retarded construction work, which at one time ceased for six years. Before the building was completed, five architects had served during the administrations of 12 governors. While the State was long in erecting its new capitol, it built solidly. Foundation walls are 12 to 15 feet thick, and present-day workmen who have had occasion to cut through the walls readily verify an early report of builders to the governor that they were constructing “no temporary building”.

The total cost of the capitol approximated $1,650,000. An annex, directly east of the capitol and connected with it by a stone terrace, was completed in 1901 at a cost of $450,000. The capitol proper is 504 feet long and 184 feet wide. The annex, 220 feet long and 100 feet wide, conforms architecturally with the main building.

A flight of 12 steps from each of the four entrances to the capitol leads to a central rotunda. Offices of the governor and other State officials flank the four marble-floored foyers. Woods, some elaborately carved, marbles from many lands, and paintings and sculpture by noted American artists adorn the interior. In the center of the inlaid marble floor of the rotunda are 13 blocks, each representing one of the thirteen original States, surrounded by three circles and a sunburst of 32 points, one for each State existing at the time the marble was laid. One circle represents the unorganized territory at the time the Union was formed; another, the Louisiana Purchase; and the third, the territory acquired in the war with Mexico. A fourth circle, enclosing the sunburst, symbolizes the Constitution.

Battle flags of Ohio, many of them shell-torn and bearing other service scars, are displayed in cabinets. Large historical murals by William Mark Young adorn the rotunda and the walls flanking the four main stairways. The rich decorations ascending the dome culminate in an illuminated reproduction, in art glass, of the Great Seal of Ohio. Tablets at the entrances to the rotunda pay tribute to Andrews' Raiders of the Civil War; to Major General Benson Hough, Ohio soldier and jurist; to soldiers and sailors of the Civil War; and to 51 women leaders in the feminist movement, including several Ohioans. Other tablets commemorate the sesquicentennial (1037) of the Northwest Territory and the founding of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (1899) in Columbus. Stairways lead from the floor of the rotunda to the Hall of Representatives and the Senate Chamber. At the head of the stairway on the north side stands the Lincoln Memorial, a bust of Lincoln executed by T.D. Jones. Directly to the east is a wall panel showing in relief a group of Union and Confederate officers who participated in the battle of Vicksburg.

Outstanding among the capitol's works of art is a large painting in the east foyer, Battle of Lake Erie, by William H. Powell. A copy of this painting is displayed in the National Capitol.

2. My Jewels Monument, near the NW. corner of the capitol, is a group of bronze statues on a granite pedestal. Figures of Ulysses S. Grant, William T. Sherman, Philip H. Sheridan, Edwin M. Stanton, James A. Garfield, Salmon P. Chase, and Rutherford B. Hayes, Ohio soldiers and statesmen, surround a shaft topped by a statue of Cornelia, the Roman matron. Her words, 'These Are My Jewels,' stand out in relief at the top of the shaft. The monument, the work of Levi T. Scofield, was exhibited by the State of Ohio at the World's Colombian Exposition in Chicago in 1803, and then placed on its present site.

3. The McKinley Memorial, W. entrance to the capitol grounds, is in the form of an arc with a center pedestal surmounted by a bronze statue of heroic size representing the martyred President, William McKinley, delivering his last address at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York, in 1901. Bronze groups of allegorical figures at each end of the arc are connected with the pedestal by a granite bench. The memorial, sculptured by H.A. McNeil, was unveiled September 14, 1906. Citizens of Columbus, who shared the cost with the State of Ohio, contributed $25,000.

4. The Ohio State Office Building, Front St. at the foot of State St, stands in a carefully planned setting of pools, lawns, terraces, trees, and shrubbery, overlooking the Scioto River from the civic center. Designed by Harry Hake of Cincinnati, it was completed in 1933 at a cost exceeding $6,500,000. When it was nearing completion, on April 14, 1932, the structure was badly damaged by a gas explosion that killed 11 workmen and injured more than 50.

The 14-story building is of Georgia marble, luxuriously decorated with metals, tiling, colored marbles, mosaics, and numerous murals. It houses many State departments and on the nth floor the Ohio State Library (open 9-5 weekdays, 9-12 Sal.), one of the largest of its kind in the country. The library and several .of the hearing rooms, used as assembly halls, are adorned by panel murals of historical character, outstanding among them being works of John F. Holmer of Cincinnati, Rudolph Sheffler of New York, H.H. Wessel of Cincinnati, and Leroy Daniel MacMorris of New York.

5. The City Hall, bounded by Gay, Front, and Broad Sts., and Riverside Drive, occupies, with its park, an entire block in the heart of the civic center. The five-story structure of Indiana limestone, in Greco-Roman style, was designed by the Allied Architects Association of Columbus and cost $1,700,000. Three of the four sections of the building, which surround a court, were completed in 1928, and the fourth was dedicated in 1936. The hall houses various municipal departments and contains a city council chamber that seats more than 400. At night varicolored lights play upon a fountain before the Broad Street entrance.

6. The American Insurance Union Citadel (observatory on 44/ft floor, open 9-5:30 daily; adm. 25¢, Broad and Front Sts., Columbus's outstanding skyscraper, towers 47 stories to an elevation of 555.5 feet. The citadel completely dominates the Columbus skyline and on a clear day is visible 20 miles away. At night its illuminated crest guides aviators. The east wing houses a theater seating 4,000; a hotel addition with 600 guest rooms and meeting halls below the tower occupies most of the main section of the building. The tower itself houses office suites. The structure, built by a local fraternal insurance organization whose name it bears, and completed in September 1927 at a cost of $7,800,000, was the first building in Ohio to be erected on a caisson foundation. C. Howard Crane, of Detroit, was the architect.

Faced with terra cotta, it bears huge ornamentations of the same material on the tower. Figures include large eagles, with a wing spread of 22 feet, and a statuary group, 495 feet above street level, on each side of the tower. In each of these groups is a bearded giant, 26 feet high, with his arms placed protectingly about two children. These and other exterior ornamentations were executed by Fritz Albert, of Chicago, from models by Carl H. Keck, New York sculptor.

Belgian and Italian marbles, bronze, and mosaics were used extensively throughout the building. All corridors and wainscoting are of marble. In the marble floor of the lobby is a bronze plaque bearing the horoscope of the building and showing the planets in the positions which they occupied when the cornerstone of the building was laid, February 13, 1926. The Hall of Mirrors, on the second floor, is an outstanding show place. Its large, gold-tinted mirrors, inlaid panel work, vaulted ceiling, and other features were copied from the original Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles.

7. The Safety Building, Gay St. and Marconi Blvd., houses headquarters of the police and fire departments, the city prison, and municipal courts. The million-dollar building, designed by members of the Allied Architects Association, is five stories high, and its architecture, although of simpler detail, conforms with that of the City Hall, its civic-center neighbor. The building was completed in 1930.

8. The U.S. Post Office and Court House, Gay St, and Marconi Blvd., completed in 1934, is the Federal Government's contribution to the civic center. It occupies a triangular tract on the east bank of the Scioto River, and houses the main post office, Federal courts and offices, and the U.S. Weather Bureau station. The four-story building is of sandstone and marble construction, with classic lines. Richards, McCarty & Bulford, pf Columbus, designed the structure which cost almost $1,800,000.

9. The Ohio State Penitentiary, 248 W. Spring St., housing adult male prisoners, is the State's largest penal institution. The prison, much of which is more than 100 years old, occupies an area equal to about three city blocks. Original units were built in the 1830s, and prisoners were first housed here in 1834. Several additions have been built and numerous alterations made in lie last 50 years. The serious overcrowding of the antiquated prison creates a constant State problem. The prison population, which exceeded 4,100 in 1938, is more than twice the institution's normal capacity. Unsatisfactory housing conditions, the 'idle house,' and other features have provoked severe criticism of the penitentiary by noted penologists.

A thick stone wall, 24 feet high, surmounted by sentry turrets, joins with the administration building and cell blocks to enclose the large prison yard, where there are shops, warehouses, miscellaneous buildings, and baseball diamonds. The prison has a chapel and a hall where motion pictures are shown and entertainments are given by the prisoners. In the prison shops wearing apparel for prisoners and for inmates of other State institutions is made, and metal products, including 2,000,000 Ohio automobile license plates annually, are manufactured.

The penitentiary has housed many famous prisoners, including William Sydney Porter (O. Henry), who wrote some of his most popular tales while confined there. General John Morgan, famous Confederate raider, was imprisoned in the penitentiary after his capture in 1863, but he escaped under the wall four months later. Notorious bandits and other criminals of wide reputation, including several principals in the Dillinger and contemporary gangs, have paid for their crimes in the drab little death house whose only piece of furniture is the electric chair. Several sensational 'breaks,' chiefly by gangster prisoners, have added to administrative problems in recent years. Most of the attempts to escape have been abortive; a few were temporarily successful.

An inside plot for the wholesale delivery of prisoners was responsible for one of the country's worst prison disasters when an incendiary fire, on April 21, 1930, took a toll of 322 lives at the penitentiary. Many of the victims were burned to death in their cells, while others were suffocated by dense smoke. General disorder and threats of riots followed the fire, and the prison was placed under military law for several weeks.

10. Fort Hayes (open during daylight hours), Cleveland Ave. and Buckingham St., comprising 77 acres, is the headquarters of the Fifth Corps Area, U.S. Army, and of the CCC and CMTC in the same district. Formerly known as Columbus Barracks, the fort has been a military post since 1863. Its present population includes more than 1,000 officers and enlisted men and scores of civilian employees. The reservation has the appearance of a small city, with clean, modern streets, expansive lawns, and many solid, old brick buildings^ was named for President Rutherford B. Hayes. An important adjunct to the military post is the Columbus General Depot of the U.S. Army, located on a 225-acre tract just east of the city. There nine huge warehouses, with a total floor space of 50 acres, serve as a storage and distribution point for military supplies.

11. Franklin County Memorial Hall (open except on special occasions), 280 E. Broad St., a two-story building of buff brick with Bedford stone facing, was erected in 1904 to commemorate the services of Franklin County soldiers and sailors. Its auditorium, seating 4,000, is the chief community center for lectures, concerts, conventions, and various exhibits. The building contains halls for the use of war veterans and their auxiliary organizations. Frank L. Packard of Columbus was the architect.

12. The Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts (open 10-5 weekdays, 2-5 Sun.), 480 E. Broad St., is the principal art center of Columbus. The building, in modified Italian Renaissance style, is constructed of Bedford limestone, with roofing of copper and glass. Designed by Richard, McCarty, and Bulford of Columbus, it was completed in 1931 at a cost of $650,000. The Frederick W. Schumacher Frieze, named in honor of the Columbus capitalist who has contributed large sums of money to the gallery, adorns the Broad Street facade. Depicting old and modern masters of art, it is the work of Robert Aitkin. A garden court in the main floor, terra-cotta wall panels, and terrazzo flooring of travertine aggregate enhance the beauty of the interior.

Five of the 12 exhibition rooms house the Ferdinand Howald Collection of 248 canvases, which include the works of 67 artists and feature the modern French movement. One room contains the Frederick W. Schumacher Collection of 22 canvases, the works of early European masters, and in another the works of George Bellows, Columbus' most noted artist, are displayed. The remaining halls are used for current exhibitions.

Outstanding among the sculpture on permanent display is a bust of Bellows, by Robert Aitkin. Permanent collections include bronzes, ceramics, ivory and wood carvings, medals, jewelry, and miscellaneous oriental objects. The gallery has 1,000 supporting members.

13. The Columbus Public Library (open 9-9 weekdays, 9-5:30 June-Sept., Sat. 9-9), Grant Ave. at end of E. State St., is known also as the Carnegie Library. The building, completed in 1906, is 220 by 90 feet, of marble and granite construction in French Renaissance style. Its erection, equipment, and site cost $380,000; Andrew Carnegie contributed $200,000, and the city the remainder. Albert Randolph Ross of New York was the architect. With its five branches, the library contains nearly 300,000 volumes.

14. The Ohio State School for the Deaf (open 10:30-11, 1:30-3 weekdays, Sept-June; other hours by arrangement), Town St. and Washington Ave., was the fifth school of its kind to be established (1832) in the United States. It provides instruction for some 500 deaf students in public school courses and vocational subjects. There are recreational facilities for students of all ages; the football, baseball, and basketball teams compete on an equal basis with many high school teams of central Ohio.

15. The Ohio State School for the Blind (guides provided during school hours, Sept.-June, if arranged for in advance), Parsons Ave. and Main St., established in 1837, was the first State school in the country for instruction of the blind. Public school courses and vocational training are offered to nearly 300 students. The school is outstanding for the results obtained in musical instruction. There are modern dormitories for boy and girl students, many of whom participate in various forms of recreation, including bowling.

16. The Franklin County Court House, High and Mound Sts., is a four-story, sandstone structure whose architecture defies classification. Built during the architectural 'period of forgetfulness,' it was completed in 1887 at a cost of $470,000. The exterior is highly ornate, but neither its appearance nor its utility meet present-day requirements, and in 1938 a movement was launched by officials and civic leaders to supplant it with a new building. Its huge clock tower is surmounted by the orthodox figure of blind Justice and her scales.

17. The Battelle Memorial Institute (open 8-5 weekdays, 8-12 Sat. by appointment), 505 King Ave., is housed in three buildings occupying half a city block. Mrs. Annie Norton Battelle and her son, Gordon, provided in their wills for the establishment of the institute to foster and encourage research in metallurgy, fuels, and allied fields. It operates on a nonprofit basis and its services are utilized by many national industrial groups and foreign 'sponsors/ as clients are designated. The first building in the group was completed in 1929, the second in 1931, and the third in 1937. A permanent staff of more than 100 chemists, metallurgists, physicists, and research workers is maintained. Facilities include modern machinery and devices ranging from delicate laboratory instruments to heavy foundry equipment.

18. Ohio State University, W. from N. High St. between nth and Woodruff Aves., occupies, with the university farms, 1,400 acres, 400 of which are in the main campus. The school was opened as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College in 1873 with 17 students enrolled. In 66 years the plant has been expanded to include 67 buildings, and the annual enrollment has grown to more than 17,000, making it the sixth-largest university in the country, with so large a campus that bus service is provided between the more remote points. There are 70 departments of instruction divided among 10 colleges, a graduate school, and five special schools. The colleges are: Agriculture, Arts and Sciences, Commerce and Administration, Dentistry, Education, Engineering, Law, Medicine, Pharmacy, and Veterinary Medicine. The special schools are: Home Economics, Journalism, Nursing, Optometry, and Social Administration.

The main entrance to the campus is at 15th Avenue and High Street. Just west of the entrance the avenue diverges to form an oval, through the center of which is a long walk leading to the University Library at Neil Ave. There is little uniformity of architecture among the buildings, which are grouped about the oval, along Neil Avenue, and on intersecting streets. The trend is to the Georgian style in the more recent structures.

On the north oval drive are the Armory, with the appearance of a medieval castle; Hayes Hall and Derby Hall, classroom buildings; the Administration Building; and University Hall, oldest structure on the campus.

Orton Hall, in the south oval group, named for Dr. Edward Orton, first president of the university, was designed by Yost and Packard of Columbus; 30 varieties of Ohio stones were used in its construction. The building, in Richardson Romanesque style, is ornamented with gargoyles and carvings that represent extinct animals and characteristic Ohio fossils. The structure houses the Geology Department and the Geological Museum (open), which contains many geological specimens, skeletons, and restorations of prehistoric animals. The Orton Hall tower houses the university chimes.

The campus' most popular beauty spot, Mirror Lake, is in a deep hollow just south of the west end of the oval. Near by is outdoor Browning Theater, with the turf serving as its stage and with seats rising in terraces carved from the hill. Pomerene Hall, center of women's social and recreational activities at the university, is on a small hill overlooking Mirror Lake. Built of salmon-red brick, with Bedford stone trimming, the structure is in the Tudor style. The University Library, housing more than 400,000 volumes, is directly north of Mirror Lake. The large, rectangular, Bedford stone structure of French Renaissance influence, erected in 1912, was designed by Allen and Collins of Boston.

The Physical Education Buildings, raised on a terrace of concrete, are on 17th Avenue, just west of Neil Avenue. The group houses gymnasiums and natatoriums. The varsity pool, one of three included in the natatorium plan, is reputed to be one of the finest in the country for competitive swimming.

Ohio Stadium, a huge, concrete, horseshoe-shaped structure, is at the west end of 17th Avenue with its main entrance at the north, approached from Woodruff Avenue. The two decks of the stadium have a permanent seating capacity of 63,000, but many thousands of spectators are accommodated on temporary seats for outstanding football games. The maximum attendance for one game exceeded 92,000. University architects, headed by Howard Dwight Smith, designed the stadium, which was completed in 1922. With its approaches and auxiliary facilities, the plant cost $1,500,000.

All of the university's home football contests are played in the stadium, and in recent years the university's annual commencement exercises have been held there. These events make use of the stadium on only a few days of each year and, except for an occasional track meet, the facilities of the big plant seldom have been utilized for other purposes. However, for several years a part of the expansive understructure has been put to use by its conversion into a men's dormitory, housing the Stadium and Tower Clubs through which worthy students are provided with low-cost living accommodations.

Instruction from the kindergarten through the twelfth grade is offered at University School, housed in a three-story brick structure in Georgian style, located in the northeast corner of the campus. The model laboratory school, in which modern trends in education prevail, is under supervision of the College of Education. Students come principally from North Side homes. Members of the 1938 graduating class collaborated in writing a book, Were We Guinea Pigs? that attracted wide attention because of its comprehensive exposition of individualized instruction methods employed in the progressive type of school. The building was designed by Howard Dwight Smith.

19. The Library and Museum of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society {open 8-5 weekdays, 1-5 Sun,), at the main entrance to the Ohio State University campus, houses the State's chief archives of human and natural history. It is the property of the society whose name it bears. The museum is a three-story structure of Indiana limestone, built in the shape of the letter U. The original unit was built in 1913, and the latest addition in 1926.

Exhibition space totals 56,000 square feet, with thousands of exhibits systematically grouped to unfold the record of man and nature in Ohio from prehistoric times to the present. The collection of mound builders' relics of the Ohio Valley, the finest in existence, is outstanding especially for its portrayal of material cultures of Ohio's prehistoric people. Featuring this display are life-size images of mound builders by Erwin F. Frey, sculptor.

Among the collections are relics of pioneer days and of the several wars in which Ohio has participated, many personal effects of Ohio governors and other notables, and relics of John Brown, the abolitionist. A cabin, fully furnished, from spinning wheel to crude cooking utensils, is prominent in the exhibit of pioneer life. The American Indian display shows development of the arts and crafts among the red man.

Other exhibits include the famous Coonskin Library, which was the first collection of books in the State, firearms, minerals, a numismatic collection, and displays depicting the progress of industry and transportation in Ohio. Habitat groups include many animal and bird restorations. The library section houses the most complete files of Ohio newspapers and periodicals ever assembled.

20. The Ohio State Fair Grounds, main entrance on E. 11th Ave., E. of the Big Four R.R. tracks, comprises 150 acres, landscaped with artificial lakes, a profusion of shrubbery, and beds of flowers. The scene of Ohio's annual agricultural and industrial exposition, the grounds include large exhibit halls, huge livestock barns, a race track where the State's outstanding harness races, pageants, and other spectacles are staged, and numerous structures used by concessionaires. The outstanding building is the Coliseum, with a spacious center arena, where the annual horse show at the fair is held. At other times, the Coliseum is used for public meetings, exhibits, and athletic events.

21. St. Mary's of the Springs, Sunbury Road and Johnston Pike, an academy and college for young women, occupies a 30-acre tract bordering Alum Creek. Opened in 1868 by the Sisters of the Dominican Order, the school offers degrees in the arts, sciences, education, music, and home economics. The plant includes a music conservatory, a demonstration school, gymnasium, library, model home, and a theater seating 1,000. Enrollment, averaging 300, is not restricted to members of the Catholic faith.

22. Franklin Park, E. Broad St. at Franklin Park West, is Columbus' largest municipal park, with 200 acres of picnic groves and recreation grounds, a small lake, and shelter house. In the Botanical Conservatory (open 9-4), near the center of the park, trees, plants, and flowers completely foreign to the Ohio climate grow in a tropical atmosphere. Meandering driveways through the park are flanked with numerous fine flower beds.

23. The Governor's Mansion {open by appointment only), 1234 E. Broad St., is the home provided by the State of Ohio for its governors during their terms of office. Formerly a private residence, the property was purchased by the State in 1919. The mansion is a 30-room, brick and stone structure of French Renaissance design, surrounded by a spacious lawn, with a sunken garden to the east.

24. Schiller Park, bounded by Jaeger St and Deshler, Reinhard, and City Park Aves., is a 23-acre tract with picnic and playground facilities and a large shelter house. The park is the site of the Schiller Monument, a huge bronze statue presented to the city by local German societies. The statue, modeled and cast in Munich, was dedicated in 1891. Anti-German sentiment during the World War forced the city council to change the name of the park to Washington, but several years later the council yielded to requests of South Side citizens and restored the former name.

25. The Red Bird Stadium, W. Mound St. at Glenwood Ave., is the home of the Columbus club of the American Association of Professional Baseball Clubs. It is regarded as one of the finest minor league baseball parks in the country, the lighting equipment for night games being outstanding. The steel and concrete stands seat 17,500, although crowds as large as 21,000 have been accommodated. The plant, formerly owned by the St. Louis club of the National League, cost $500,000.

26. The Ohio State Institution for the Feeble Minded (open 9-11, 1-3 weekdays), 1601 W.Broad St., occupies several hundred acres, many of which are cultivated by patients and employees. The buildings, grouped on a hill and surrounded by many trees, have a castle-like appearance with their towers and steeples. Patients number approximately 2,200.

27. The Columbus State Hospital for the Insane (open 1-3 weekdays), 1960 W. Broad St, when completed in 1877 was the largest institution of its kind in the world. The huge main building, which measures 1-1/8 miles around, and 15 cottages and other structures are situated on a large tract, of which many acres are cultivated. Beautifully landscaped grounds provide recreational facilities for the 3,000 patients.

28. Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery, Sullivant Ave. W. of Powell Ave., was established by the Federal Government in 1879 at the edge of the site of Camp Chase as a burial ground for Confederate soldiers who died while prisoners in the camp. Permanent care of the cemetery is provided by the Government and W the United Daughters of the Confederacy, under whose supervision annual memorial services are held for the 2,260 men buried there.

Near the entrance is a stone arch surmounted by a Confederate Soldier Statue. Erection of the monument was made possible by Colonel William H. Knauss, a Union soldier, who contributed considerable money and effort to promote beautification of the cemetery.

Points of Interest in the Enviorns

Beulah Park, 8.3 miles (see Tour 3). Otterbein College, 13 miles. (see Tour 12). Capital University, 3 miles. (see Tour 13). Griggs Dam, 6 miles; Leatherlips Monument, 15 miles; O'Shaughnessy Dam, 16.2 miles; Columbus Municipal Zoo, 16.3 miles (see Tour 20). Hartman Estate, 7.4 miles; Griswold House, 8.8 miles; Pontifical College Josephinum, 11 m. (sec Tour 21).

Railroad Station: Union Station, N. High St. N. of Naghten St., for Baltimore & Ohio R.R., Norfolk and Western Ry., New York Central System, Chesapeake and Ohio Ry., and Pennsylvania R.R.

Bus Stations: Union Bus Station, corner E. Town and 3rd Sts; All-American Lines, 46 E. Town St.

Airports: Port Columbus, Poth Rd. (7 miles E. of city on Broad St. and 1 mile N.) for Transcontinental & Western Air Lines and American Airways, Inc.; taxi 75¢. Norton Field, 4321 E. Broad St.; Sullivant Avenue Airport, 3860 Sullivant Ave., no scheduled service.

Taxis: Fare 15¢ first half-mile, 5¢ each additional half-mile.

Streetcars and Buses: Fare 6¢ 5 tickets for 25¢; free transfers.

Street Numbering: E. and W. from High St.; N. and S. from Broad St

Information Service: Columbus Automobile Club, 15 E. Main St.

Accommodations: 25 hotels; supervised tourist camps on all main highways.

Radio Stations: WBNS (1430 kc), WCOL (1210 kc), WHKC (640 kc), WOSU (570 kc)

Theaters: 1 legitimate; 25 motion picture houses.

Auditoriums: Memorial Hall, 280 E. Broad St.; Columbus Auditorium, Front and Town Sts.; Coliseum, State Fair Grounds.

Baseball: Red Bird Stadium, W. Mound St. at Glenwood Ave., Columbus Red Birds (American Association).

Golf: Arlington, 1355 Dublin Rd., 18 holes; Berwick, 1400 College Ave.; Bridgeview, 2738 Agler Rd.; Dublin Road, 1207 Dublin Rd.; Elmcrest, 2298 S. High St.; Minerva Lake, 2955 Minerva Lake Rd.; Mt. Air, Olentangy River Rd. N. of Worthington Rd.; Twin Rivers (municipal), 1100 Dublin Rd.; Beaver Ridge, Cleveland Ave. and Rathbone Rd.; Ohio State University -(students, alumni, and guests), 3605 Galbraith Rd.; guest cards required at Brookside, Columbus, Overbrook, Scioto, Winding Hollow, Wyandot, and York Country Clubs. Nominal fees charged at most courses.

Horse Racing: Beulah Park, Grove City, on US 62,8 miles SW. of Broad and High Sts.; bus fare 20¢.

Swimming: Bexley, 409 N. Cassidy Ave.; Crystal, 1652 S. Champion Ave.; East Side, 50 N. Nelson Rd.: Grandview, W. Goodale Blvd. E. of Grandview Ave.; Hilltop, 2737 Valley View Dr.; Maryland Park (Negro), Atcheson St. and Champion Ave.; Morningside, 2200 Joyce Rd.; Mt. Air, Olentangy River Rd.; Nu-Sanitary, S. Nelson Rd. N. of E. Main St.; Olympic Beach, Indianola Ave. and Dunedin Rd.; Upper Arlington, 2000 Waltham Rd.

Boxing and Wrestling: Columbus Auditorium, Front and Town Sts., winter; Haft's Acre, Park St. at Poplar Ave., summer.

Boating: Griggs Dam Reservoir, on US 33, 8 miles N. of Broad and High Sts. (permit required) $4-$10 the season; O'Shaughnessy Dam Reservoir, on State 257, 14 miles N. of city.

Riding: Hilltop, 2547 Eakin Rd.; Ridgway Riding Stable, 2833 Clifton Rd.

Annual Events: Ohio Farmers' Week, 1st week in Feb.; Ohio High School Basketball Tournament, Mar.; Ohio Music Contest (public schools), Apr.; Future Farmers of America, 1st week in June; Ohio State Fair, last Sat, in Aug. to first Sat. in Sept.

Key for Columbus - Downtown Map

1. Ohio State Capitol 2. My Jewels Monument 3. McKinley Memorial 4. 0hio State Office Building 5. City Hall 6. American Insurance Union Citadel 7. Safety Building 8.U-S. Post Office and Courthouse 9. OM0 State Penitentiary 10. Fort Hayes 11. Franklin County Memorial Hall 12. Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts 13. Columbus Public Library 14. 0hio State School for the Deaf 15. 0hio State School for the Blind 16. Franklin County Courthouse

Key for Columbus and Vicinity Map

17. Battelle Memorial Institute 18. Ohio State University 19. Library and Museum of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society 20. Ohio State Fair Grounds 21. St. Mary of the Springs 22. Franklin Park 23. Governor's Mansion 24. Schiller Park 25. Red Bird Stadium 26. 0hio State Institution for the Feeble Minded 27. Columbus State Hospital for the Insane 28.Camp Chase Confederate Cemetery